Disasters Emergency Committees (DEC) implemented a Phase 1 Programme during the war in Gaza, in which Oxfam in partnership with World Food Programme (WFP) made emergency food and basic aid deliveries to Gazans. The Programme under review is a second phase to the DEC interventions in Gaza, implemented from February 2015 to September 2016, 19 , budget 2MGBP. The Programme's overall objective was: "support the Gaza vulnerable and war-affected population and increase the possibilities of vulnerable households to transition out of deep poverty to enhanced food security and improved well-being".

Main components, strategies, and activities: The Programme included cash programming activities, livelihood recovery and capacity-building of target groups using innovative approaches such as activities to enhance wellbeing, the graduation form training concept, and thr Making Spaces Approach, to encourage and support the generation of business ideas among vulnerable women, men, and youth of Gaza. Oxfam implemented the Programme in partnership with four institutions; Ma'an Development Centre, Ard El Insan, Small Enterprise Centre, and University College of Applied Sciences.

Theory of Change of the LRRD model: The main rationale for introducing the innovations to the Programme was to reduce aid dependency, enhance wellbeing, and improve Non-Income Poverty indicators such as empowerment, happiness, fulfilment, women's and girls' freedom within Gazan society and in the family.  Oxfam introduced LRRD in this Programme into an Emergency Aid Programme because Oxfam is committed to long term development and poverty reduction, rather than continually providing EA with the risk of the creation of aid dependency among vulnerable women and vulnerable households.

NCG designed and executed a representative survey of project beneficiaries. The NCG team worked closely with Najla Shawwa and Ahmad Hinnawi of Oxfam Gaza during the evaluation. During the inception phase, the methodology was validated by Oxfam which helped the ET identify further key questions and design additional questions so that the essential data would be captured by the surveys. The team leader guided the selection of samples, and wrote the questions and provided guidance on the survey design. The Gaza evaluation team (ET) tested and then translated the FGG guides, interview questions, and survey questionnaires into Arabic. The ET conducted interviews, FGDs, and survey activities. The evaluation's main methodology was in each data gathering context to adopt a participatory and learning approach, so that the evaluation can represent the experiences and perceptions of the stakeholders. The latter are:  Oxfam and its partners, trainers and coachers, and the target groups FHHs, vulnerable women (VW), the families of VW, dairy farmers, and elderly people in the project area.   The main steps and tools that the ET applied were:
- Fieldwork Manual including questions guides for focus groups and identification of key Informants
- Interviews and structured questionnaires.
- Questions linked to the specific LRRD project components.
- A separate set of questions was asked to rights holders (target groups) and duty bearers (Oxfam staff, other CSOs, Gaza administration service providers).
- Skype interviews were also conducted by the TL with external consultants that provided key inputs to the Oxfam Programme.